Criticize of Marketing Myopia article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Criticize of Marketing Myopia article - Essay Example He argued that there is no such thing as a growth industry, what is there is growth opportunities that one should take advantage of to enhance their welfare. Levitt also gives people a better understanding of misconceptions like the belief that growth is guaranteed by an expanding population. Instead, the commodities released should target a certain gender or age. He also shows that mass production does not always yield as expected due to imbalances in the scale of production. Mass production results to low cost per unit as the output increases. In production, one should focus on the quality of produce rather than the marketing. Good quality output markets itself as compared to poor quality ones that have to be pushed into the market. Since most enterprises needs lie on maximizing profits than it is more appropriate to focus on the company’s needs rather than customers’ needs. A brilliant marketer creates products that suit the consumer and are affordable. Good quality products in the market gain popularity faster when compared to poor quality ones by competitors. This gives the market true illusion of what your products are like. Theodore Levitt gives companies a clue on how to maintain efficiency with its rising popularity. An increase in output quantity tends to reduce unit cost, and if not monitored it pulls down the business. Through maintaining efficiency, companies are likely to enjoy larger profits and experience growth. He discards the belief that no competitive substitutes of outstanding products exists in the market. This is an entirely irrational belief. Every product in the market have their substitutes, it is only that you have not done the research on more products in the market. He mentions that, we should not focus on short-term benefits. The long run benefits, which most of the firms are not ready to wait. With changing times, people tend to change on preferences and tastes and therefore this prepares the business firms for these changes in the future. The short focus is what the author refers to as myopia. He gives examples of the railroad and oil industries that can be taken over by other close competitors. He adds that there is no guarantee on product obsolesce and gives an example of petroleum products which were used since time immemorial up to date but has never been exhausted. Technology improvement cause this and the discovery where other sources of energy have been resolved to hence the decline on use of petroleum products. The most salient thing on Levitt’s article is on maintaining the business in the market for the longest time and enjoying maximum profits. Business firms should set long-term goals to help them serve their customer needs in a more appropriate and reliable manner. This helps the products get established and therefore with time It dominates the markets. However, what Levitt has missed out is that he only talks of myopia back then not putting into consideration the present t imes whereby myopia has taken a different turn. There exists new forms of myopia especially where entrepreneurs’ get single minded instead of venturing into different fields in the market. Maybe accommodating other stakeholders in the market would help enhance venturing into the diverse existing opportunities. Another problem comes in when the firm misinterprets the true definition of a customer and satisfying their needs. With the changing times consumer

Texting While Driving Essay Example for Free

Texting While Driving Essay About 41% of teen reported that they had texted or emailed while driving. This is true even though there are horrifying commercials and campaigns aimed at keeping teen drivers’ eyes on the road and hands on the wheel. Also, the bulk of teen deaths are due to motor vehicle crashes. But texting and driving isn’t the only risky business teens are engaging in. About 41.3% of teens said they’re using computers for more than 3 hours daily. About 14.8% of students said that they had been bullied online. Another risk that is that sexually active teens are having more unprotected sex that in the past: around 41% of sexually active teens. The annual survey of 9th through 12th graders examines the unhealthy behaviors of teens over the past 12 months is what is used to gage the leads to unintentional injury, obesity, and unplanned pregnancies. About 13,500 surveys, which were administered at public and private high schools, were examined to determine results. It is sad to see the number of teens partaking in risky behaviors rise even though statistics show how many teens are ruining their lives. Schools are now even showing videos of the consequences of partaking in these behaviors and videos of people that tell how the consequences aren’t worth the short term enjoyment. I want to know the mentality of teens that text while driving because judging by their actions, it seems like they value replying to a text more than their own lives. It’s unbelievable how teens still text and drive even though they know that they could die at any moment. Either teens need to change their ways or parents need to start intervening to save their children from becoming victims to risky behaviors.

Project Team Roles And Responsibilities Information Technology Essay

Project Team Roles And Responsibilities Information Technology Essay The project Steering Committee includes management and other executive level stakeholders that will be directly impacted by the success or outcome of the CRM project. During the implementation, the Steering Committee will reach consensus or influence the most strategic objectives for CRM adoption as well as approve the implementation scope, approach, time frame and budget. Due to the relatively short duration of the actual software CRM implementation, the Steering Committee will incur more time and emphasis on CRM adoption, utilization, measurement and refinement. Post software implementation activities will include: Verifying the users are actually using, benefiting by and endorsing the system The information is being correctly organized and processed for operational support and analysis, Information is accurate, available and in proper format or structure so that customers are better served, are spoken to with uniformity across the organization (a consistent message regardless of whos speaking) and customer service consistent These individuals will include the executive level stakeholders, Project Leader, Project Manager, Lead Consultant, Finance and MIS management and sometime key users. These individuals are responsible for reviewing the progress of the implementation, understanding the current issues, resolving critical issues, providing vision of future business opportunities and direction, and supporting the efforts through moral support of the entire project team. Steering Committee responsibilities include the following: Corporate-wide data sharing: Clearly sponsoring the organizations customer information and data sharing strategy, which states that customer information is to be centralized and available throughout the organization (based on need and security pending) for sharing in order to promote effectiveness and better service the customer. This information strategy further prohibits individuals or groups from operating silo systems, shadow systems or other disconnected or standalone systems or systems which do not result in customer information being put in the designated CRM system. Provide interpretation of company or project vision, direction and execution of objectives. Provide project oversight and guidance on strategic issues and direction. Make decisions which can change project organization, project scope, or allocation of project funding. Ensure that the direction of the project continues to be in line with the original mission and goals set forth at the beginning of the project. Support the project team in the resolution of cross-functional areas. Keep informed of project status; ask questions to ensure accurate understanding. Deliver regular feedback to the project team on performance and expectations. Provide input for Project Leader and Project Manager periodic appraisal. Executive Sponsor The Executive Sponsor can be a liaison from the Project Team to the Steering Committee for a large project or can act as a substitute for a formal Steering Committee for a small project. The Executive Sponsor (often the VP of Sales, Director of Sales, President or Operations Manager) monitors the activities and progress of the Project Leader and Project Team. This individual is responsible for communicating project status to the Steering Committee, ensuring milestones are completed in a timely fashion, and providing the overall supervision of the employees assigned to the project. Additional responsibilities include being the primary contact for issues and questions from the Project Team as well as review and monitoring of the project plan milestones. Other specific responsibilities may include: Liaison to Steering Committee; Keep Steering Committee and project stakeholders updated as to project status, progress and/or any deviations. Identify and secure all required project team members for the project (e.g. Functional Champions, Key Uses, System Administrator.) Verify the dedicated participation of each required project team client representative (available to commit full-time during peak periods or coverage and backfill of team members particular areas). Regularly review project status and emerging risks and select/approve potential solutions from those presented. Provide direction on prioritization of emerging issues and risks. Provide advice and council on major project and policy decisions. Ensure the appropriate project team members and key decision makers are identified and available to fulfill their project responsibilities. Identify and secure access to additional end user staff as needed to support specific areas of expertise not represented by the project team. Provide informal project status and communications to project team members and various user communities. Project Leader This role will require an individual with strong management and communication skills who understands the operation and objectives of the CRM implementation. It is possible to have an outside consultant or vendor consultant and internal person that share the Project Leader responsibilities, however, advance planning must dictate specific roles and responsibilities. The Project Leader is the person responsible for the overall project planning and progress toward the implementation. This individual is responsible for monitoring, maintaining, and adjusting the project plan (based on the input and deliverables of team members), providing implementation experienced leadership strategies to the Executive Sponsor, and ensuring the effectiveness of the application consultants assigned to the project. Other responsibilities include reviewing and assisting in issue resolution, coordinating task dependencies, and establishing milestone project goals that keep the project on time and within budge t. Other specific responsibilities may include: Conduct or facilitate the Implementation Project Kick-off and Status meetings. Manage the customer relationship with the vendor. Confirm solid understanding of corporate objectives and expectations; if necessary, reset objectives and expectations. Approve the implementation schedule and project plan. Measurement of plan vs. actual with variance analysis. Continually monitor scope, time frame, budget and risk. Manage project resources to assure maximum efficiency, effectiveness and resource utilization. Manage consultants on project. Periodic risk management project risks and people risks and development of mitigating strategies. Significant or high impact risks should be addressed with the Executive Sponsor. Recognize change management issues and risks; develop recommendations and mitigating strategies. Periodically measure and confirm stakeholder, Executive Sponsor, Champion, Key User and System Administrator satisfaction. Functional Champions / Team Leads Functional Champions or Team Leads spearhead an individual functional area (such as SFA, Marketing, Customer Service, or a particular line of business). These individuals are stakeholders from the department or line of business most affected by the module (e.g., SFA), have complete domain area knowledge and are dedicated to the project (and generally relieved of traditional day-to-day responsibilities for departmental operations while participating on their area of the project) for the project duration. Functional Champions must be empowered to make decisions for their domain area and their user community. They lead the configuration efforts and decisions during the Conference Room Pilot (CRP) phase with each software module. They further determine the current and anticipated transaction flows within the software module. Their primary objective is to gather process and configuration information from the key users and define the business system based on that information. These individ uals may develop process flowcharts for the existing and new system processes, develop methods of resolving process gaps, identify report and data requirements for the respective modules to support the end users, and identify data conversion requirements to support their modules. Functional Champions are responsible for module testing, coordinating and facilitating key user meetings, scheduling key users for system tests, preparing process documents, approving training documentation, and ultimate training of the end users. Some of the major responsibilities for this role are as follows: Understand the as is environment and provide functional expertise and knowledge of the existing business practices. Responsible for the successful configuration, processing and implementation of functional area software modules. Reconciliation of user requirements to the new system capabilities. Liaison between user community and project team; Act as a mentor and liaison to other users of that functional area. Represent the user interests in system design and software configuration decisions. Design and configuration of software parameters for each module. Identify and implement business process improvements and changes. System Administrator (SA) In order to take and maintain ownership of CRM utilization and long term success, the client must appoint an internal System Administrator (SA). Although technical experience is not required, the SA is a more technical resource to the project team and actively involved throughout the implementation project and post production processing. The SA will utilize tools built in to the Aplicor CRM system for all or almost all SA functions. All CRM applications that operate on a relational database management system (RDBMS) require skilled SAs for steady operation. Configuration Setup: Data importing: Validate cleanliness of data, scrub data and perform imports of accounts, contacts and/or opportunities into the CRM system (e.g. uploading users data from prior systems (such as ACT)). Reconcile and verify import results. Web site configuration options: Selecting available option for system-wide utilization; such as system logo upload, splash page selection or updating of cascading style sheet (CSS). Portal User Interface (UI) management: Assist management or users with the customization or modification of Menus and menu navigation. Implementation: User and role management: The creation, modification and removal of all users and roles within the CRM system. Resetting user passwords when necessary. Security administration: Assigning and managing overall system security, user security and account-level security. Field level data list management and UDF configuration: Assist management or Functional Champions with determining or modifying acceptable values from all data list fields throughout the CRM application and assigning or utilizing User-Defined Fields (UDFs) at each page. Document Library configuration. System training: Provide initial training to staff, and new-hires on an ongoing basis, for system usage. Query management: Provide users training to create or modify queries throughout the system (using Query Manager and Query Builder). Management Administration: Troubleshooting: Provide first level response to user issues or problems. Most issues or problems that are user-oriented will be resolved by SA, all other issues and problems may be escalated to the Aplicor Helpdesk. User view management: Assist users with creation or modification of individual CRM views. Monitor system usage: Verify utilization and enterprise-wide access (subject to business need and security) and viewing of customer information. Continued user and role Management: Updating memberships and deleting outdated users and roles. Resetting user passwords. CRM Application Consultants CRM consultants require thorough software product suite skills along with a detailed understanding of the particular software modules assigned. The application consultants are expected to provide functionality information and guide the implementation of the assigned modules. Their experience with the modules provides options of configuration, process designs, options for gap and issue resolution, training to the Functional Champions, hands on task completion support and troubleshooting support for software issues. The application consultants will also provide for knowledge transfer to the key users during the User Training phase and prior to reaching a production environment. Some of the major responsibilities for this role are as follows: Provide input on task status and estimates to complete to the Team Leader Spearhead the Conference Room Pilot configuration for each module(s) Conduct analysis of business, transaction and individual user requirements Conduct Business Process Analysis for the assigned module(s) Resolve how the software will apply to the customers needs Performing Functional Champion training; conduct software training for the module(s) assigned Offer suggestions for process improvement Outline new business procedures or processes Confirm application test case scenarios, lead the process testing and analyze the test results Guide conversion efforts and strategies Lead the cut-over preparation, testing and verification Report software bugs and aggressively follow-up on fixes Provide post implementation support Identify and resolve open issues All Project Team Members Every project team member has a fiduciary duty to make a proactive and positive contribution to the project. All team members are owners of the project and the new system and are personally accountable for taking charge of their respective areas and promoting the project to their user communities and colleagues. Project Team member duties include the following: Provide input to process improvement ideas Review circulated correspondence; provide feedback as required Identify high impact / high return opportunities within respective areas Proactively ask questions and offer input Attend every Project Team status meeting; recognize the importance of this project to the organization Keep Project Stakeholders updated Act as liaison and constituent for represented user community: Keep user community informed of project status and progress, provide a mechanism for users to contribute to project and voice suggestions for improvement Contribute to the solution: never offer criticism without suggestion. Team members must be contributors, not listeners Project Office Provide day to day project management and oversight of the project. Track project status and provide status reporting Promote adherence to the project schedule Track issues and manage the resolution process Define change and risk management strategies to assure early identification and complete, expeditious resolution; Provide a framework for developing fundamental project management skills in the project team to ensure effective tracking of project status; Lead Application Consultant This role will require an individual with strong communication skills, technical skills, application expertise and business experience. The role of the Lead Application Consultant is to manage the project implementation to meet the agreed upon requirements and timeframe. In order to be successful in this role, the role will have the following responsibilities: Approve all application consultants to be placed on the project team Provide overall and daily management and support to all application consultants assigned to the project Review and verify each consultants time and expense report for accuracy Define roles and responsibilities for each application consultant Work with the Project Leader and Project Manager to learn and manage the implementation to meet the agreed upon project objectives Work with the users and other software publisher resources as required, and resolve queries and issues on an ad hoc basis Notify management of requirements for resources in order to provide sufficient lead times for resources to be made available Make timely decisions regarding the project priorities in order to minimize disruption on the project Overall responsibility for assuring the quality of work conducted by their representative consultants Attend all Implementation Project Status meetings Technical Analysts Ideally, there is one Technical Application Analyst for each module. These individuals generally come from the MIS area, are dedicated to the project and relieved of day-to-day responsibilities for departmental operations: Assist with reconciliation of user requirements to system capabilities Identification / design / development of required system interfaces Identification /design /development of required data conversion routines Modification of software applications forms/reports using publisher tools Development of working knowledge of the software application table structures/data base functionality System test planning and assistance to users in the execution of the system testing process Support for User Application Analyst tasks as necessary Focus Groups Support the project team by actively participating in the research and resolution of project issues Support the project team by actively participating in the assessment of configuration alternatives during the realization phase Engage actively in the generation of business case scenarios and the development of test scripts Participate, as required, in the execution and validation of test scripts

Our Economic Future :: essays papers

Our Economic Future When I first decided to take this class I felt there was not much that when into the predictions of stock prices and the future of your economy. It is clear now that there are at least six different factors that contribute to the movement of our capital markets. At the present time our market is in what the experts call a correction period which means that it has fallen at least ten percent from a record setting date. Our economy is mist of a record boom of a one hundred and seven months. Experts a predicting the worst like they have the last twenty-four months or so. So I am going to make a prediction that the economy will continue to grow at a rate of 3.5% maybe not at the same rate as last year. The Federal Reserve is trying to slow the growth by raising rates by a quarter of a point. The rational for this is that the economy is growing at a rate that can spark inflation soon. So far the prior four times the Federal Reserve has raised rates not much has happened. I am predicting that if the current rate hike does not effect the market, Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan will raise rates again in March and May to slow our prosperous economy. The reason why a rate hike will slow down the economy is by raising the overnight rate to 5.75, the highest since 1995, it has made borrowing less attractive. In turn, corporation will have less money to invest then productivity will go down, hence supply will go down and demand will soon follow. Right now though productivity numbers released in January showed that it is on the rise, which has keep inflation in check. As productivity is on the rise, corporations are going to require more labors. Unemployment is at an all time low of 4% and is not expected to increase much this year, levels are predicted to be between 4.0-4.25%. The rise in labor productivity will lead to less unemployment, which leads to a higher economic capacity and more money circulating in the market. With a rise in capacity there will be a rise in supply. Corresponding with this rise in supply there will be more money circulating there will be a rise in private domestic demand.

Fresh Food vs Canned Food Essay

Eating is an activity that we as humans do at least two times a day. We live in a world where the variety of food is immense, and we are responsible for what we eat. We decide what we are about to eat and how it will affect our bodies. However, each food differs from one to another. For example are the fresh food and the canned food. Fresh foods and canned foods are two kinds of different types of food that have their own benefits and disadvantages. The most notable difference between these two kinds of foods is their flavor. Fresh food have great flavor because they keep their natural conditions. Canned foods however, lack a lot of its flavor characteristic because there are some other chemical products added to the natural foods. Comparing both types of foods we can notice another difference. That is the health factor that affects our bodies. While the fresh food keep their original freshness and flavor, canned foods lose some of the original fresh food nutrients when stored, and also it has chemical ingredient when consumed too much will become toxin in our bodies. Another difference between these two types of food is the cost. Canned foods are much more expensive than the fresh foods. In contrast to the cost, canned foods are easier to find, they also require less work to prepare than fresh food. As we can see there are three main differences between the fresh foods and the canned foods. However, the main reason we chose our foods lies on our personal choice, based on time each person has, the money and the importance we give to our nutrition and health. Therefore it is important that you consider your possibilities and choose the best type of food for your convenience and life style.

Steel & Mills essays

Steel & Mills essays The market had also seen an increase in steel service centers, which essentially are distribution centers for the mills. What these centers would do is buy large quantities of steel from the mills, cut the large chunks up and distribute them to customers. This added value to the industry because it allowed the end user the ability to buy a quantity of steel that was more efficient for them instead of having to buy from the mills where they were required to buy larger quantities and waste was high. The only concern to end-users was the efficiency of delivery. Since the advent of Just-in-Time inventory systems, which significantly cut inventory costs to companies, the service centers had to slow inventory as well to cut down on their increasing inventory costs. Since the cut to both inventories was relatively high, but the demand for the steel was increasing it sometimes caused bumps in the road as far as efficiency of delivery. This in turn caused the mills to strike back and th ey started creating price structures that were more favorable to the end-user rather than the service centers. Competition is increasing because of the higher demand for the steel service centers. The increase in demand for steel products has also caused competition to rise. SOS has three service centers and is tops in most of there divisions which is about a 200 mile radius around each service center. SOS seems to have such a good reputation because of their friendly service and their price structure. They remain very competitive in relation to other service centers, and they also are very loyal to customers especially long time customers. ...

Black Students’ Sit-In Protests in Public Spaces Examples from the 30s -40s essay

Black Students’ Sits from the 30s -40s essay Black Students’ Sits from the 30s -40s essay Black Students’ Sits from the 30s -40s essayBlack students’ sit-ins have direct relation to the beginnings of the so-called student-phase of Civil Rights Movement after February 1960. Taking into consideration the presented materials, it is possible to explore the role of student activism in achieving the established goals, namely establishing the civil rights, which prohibit racial discrimination. The sit-in tactic used before 1960 is relative to the famous Greensboro event. Such tactic was aimed at challenging the rules, established by white people. Public demonstrations organized by black people became the following stage of the struggle for the civil rights.My thoughts as I read about these events are based on historical evidence. The following sit-ins and strikes: Alexandria Sit-In of 1939, NAACP sponsored sit-ins by Howard University Students in Washington, D.C., as well as Morgan State Sit Down strike of 1959, reflected the role of student activism in the civil r ights movement. The sit-ins evoked support of the black community and promoted national unity in the struggle for social justice and racial equality (Brown 274).I believe that black students’ sit-in protests in public spaces played a significant role in the development of the civil rights movement. As discrimination and segregation acts were prevalent in many places across the United States, the civil rights movement contributed to the changing attitudes of black students through these protests. 1939 Library Sit-In was one of the protests against racial segregation.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus, the increased incidence of protests resulted in the government’s decision to pass two acts: the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Due to the adoption of the Civil Rights Act, segregation in public places and schools was prohibited. Due to the Voting Rights Act, black people were allowed to vote in elections.

The History of Sexuality of American Women Origins and Causes

The History of Sexuality of American Women Origins and Causes Speaking about the question of sexuality in the modern American society, it is necessary to refer to the problem from the point of biological characteristics associated with the term of sexuality and from the concept of gender equality and social relationships between men and women.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The History of Sexuality of American Women: Origins and Causes specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The history of sexuality in relation to the history of American women has the deep roots, and it should be discussed with references to the progress of the public’s vision of sexuality in its association with women. Furthermore, the discussion of the history of sexuality as the part of the history of American women is important for the analysis of the origins and causes of the modern situation in society in relation to the problem. Thus, sexuality is an important factor for determining the social positions of men and women according to the historical development of the public’s attitude toward the issue of sexuality. Following the ideas of the contemporary researchers, it is possible to state that sexuality is the socially constructed category (Kerber, Hart, Dayton, 2011, p. 11). That is why, it is necessary to discuss this issue with references to the most important social tendencies associated with the historical events in the USA. During the 18th-19th centuries, the problem of sexuality was discussed only from the male point of view. Sexuality was closely associated with definite gender roles acquired in the society. In spite of the fact women were traditionally perceived as the symbol of sexuality for men, these ideas could not be discussed openly. Thus, women’s sexuality depended on the male vision of the problem, and it was connected with the notions of family and motherhood (Kerber, Hart, Dayton, 2011, p. 67). Traditional ways to perceive the women’s sex uality were the discussion of women as wives and mothers.Advertising Looking for essay on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The questions of sexuality during the Victorian Era were based on the usual male dominance and marriage as the single way to express women’s sexual desires and affection. However, women’s diaries and letters of that period support the idea that although the social norms limited women’s direct expression of their sexuality, it developed not because of social principles, but because of biological factors. The long-time association of sexuality and gender roles resulted in the boost of the feminist movement in the first half of the 20th century (Kerber, Hart, Dayton, 2011, p. 404). Feminists paid attention to the social status of women, to their equality with men, and to their right to marry or not. Moreover, the question of sexual preferences became urgent. It i s important to concentrate on the feminist movement as the significant part of the history of sexuality because the progress of this movement contributed to the transformation of relationships between men and women. The question of the male dominance became controversial not only from the point of social interactions but also from the perspective of the sexual relations. It is also necessary to concentrate on the next stages of the process with references to those women who became social activists declaring the ideas of sex education and birth control and who began to work as therapists and psychologists to resolve the problems of sexuality (Kerber, Hart, Dayton, 2011, p. 380). Modern vision of sexuality is based on the ideas of sex appeal, sexual attraction, heterosexual and homosexual relationships. Nevertheless, the history of sexuality in the USA provides the audience with the viewpoint that the notion of sexuality includes a lot of social aspects which are significant to be di scussed in the course. Thus, the history of sexuality is necessary to determine the connections between the idea of virginity, religious viewpoint, and family relationships in the 19th century; between the rejection of the idea of marriage and gender equality during the 1920s; between the transformation of gender roles and sexual relations during World War II; between the problem of birth control, contraception, sexuality, and issue of abortion; between the sexual revolution of the 1960s and sex education; between the shift of gender roles and gender equality in relation to the questions of sexuality in the 1990s. T he progress of the notion of sexuality in the American society emphasizes the process of developing a new type of the American woman (Kerber, Hart, Dayton, 2011, p. 408)Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The History of Sexuality of American Women: Origins and Causes specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The hi story of relations between men and women in the American society depends on changes in the public’s vision of the problem of sexuality. Today, the period of the male dominance in discussing the issues of sexuality is changed with the equality of male and female roles in relation to their sexuality. The history of the 20th century accentuates the right of the modern women to speak about their sexuality openly. That is why, the course should be developed for both young men and women to present them the history of sexuality from many perspectives and help them understand the importance of this category for the development of the American society with references to such notions as gender equality and social roles. Reference Kerber, L. K., Hart, J. S., Dayton, C. H. (2011). Women’s America: Refocusing the past. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Comparing Financial Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Comparing Financial Systems - Essay Example Economic globalization is the utopia towards which the world is moving. Yet, it is deemed to be practically impossible due to the different financial systems that exist in different countries. While some countries have a severely competitive market, others have a bank based economic system. Bank based system poses to secure ‘and mobilize savings, allocating capital, overseeing the investment decisions of corporate managers and also providing risk management vehicles.1’ Whereas, the market system is more competitive in a dual way. Different companies in the market are competing with each other and also the companies compete with the banks, which are still considered to be the conventional mode of getting savings earned by people. Yet, in the countries like U.K and U.S.A, people do risk to invest in the share markets and other companies which often help them earn more money than bank interest. Many analysts across the world have suggested that the market based financial sy stem is more lucrative than the bank based system, but the risk factor involved is also very high as compared to the bank based system, which has minimal risk factor. Now a study on the different financial systems of the world is bound to raise crucial questions which will be chronologically answered in the report. Chapter 1 Broad Classification of the Financial Systems – Bank Versus Market The development of any country is based on the reforms introduced and to introduce any reform, a stable financial system is very necessary. Structural reforms are mostly based on the financial system of a country. Most developing nations which have a centralized economy lack a full fledged financial system which is a big disadvantage for them. Financial system has a vast positive impact of financial development on economic growth and development 2. The financial structure among countries can be either bank based or market based or underdeveloped. The underdeveloped economies have both unde rdeveloped banks and market values. But flourishing financial systems can fall into either bank based financial system or market based one. It is popularly assumed that bank based financial systems are less flourishing compared to the market based ones but Japan stands as the biggest flourishing example of bank based financial system. Countries with a stronger economy and monetary strength have better developed financial systems. The countries which have a higher income always tend to get inclined towards the market based financial system because in these countries the stock market has higher efficiency and are relatively more active compared to the banks. The countries which have low corruption and protect shareholder’s rights are more inclined to the banks as they are looking for security more than earning 3. The bank based concentrates on the different roles of the banks such as getting information about the firm, the board of directors and trying their best to improve the allocation of funds as well as corporate governance. It also

Explore the Testing and Teacher Controversial Evaluation in New York Research Paper

Explore the Testing and Teacher Controversial Evaluation in New York State Show how the Role of Social Science is Shaping Publi - Research Paper Example In what they have referred to as the paradox, liberal social scientists have asserted that ideology and politics are to blame. They have claimed that Americans have solutions but puts every blame in the shoulders of policy makers who are accused of lacking the political will to implement effective policies. According to O’Connor, separation of the working class from the working poor denies the poor their political rights since this denies them access to better wages as result of the organized labour groups of the working class. Since the commencing of war against poverty, which witnessed its offshoot in the1960s, policymakers and intellectuals found in both sides of America’s political spectrum have given working poverty a lot of attention. The perspective of the conservative scholars has been that non-working poverty is a more urgent problem that requires urgent response than the working poverty. They derive this conclusion on the basis that nonworking poverty is a mor al danger, which leads to laziness and dependency. On the other hand, they regard any work, even those that are poorly paid to be beneficial. Solving the problem of the nonworking poor according to them can only be stopped if the governments stop offering benefits to the poor. This in a school situation involves even stopping the educational benefits given to the poor. Contrary to their conservative’s counterparts, liberal policy makers and scholars have fronted the argument that the challenges of the nonworking and working poor are intertwined and similar. The have argued that the only difference between the working and the non working l lies in their ability to overcome basic barriers. They have enlisted factors such as affordable childcare services, transportation to work and accessing houses near jobs stations. These challenges according to them can only be overcome by helping the nonworking enter the labour market. This can be done through providing housing assistance, a ffordable schooling systems and offering other aids to poor families. A charged political system has also seen parties accuse each other for failure to alleviate the working poverty. Policy makers and scholars from the conservative wing have attributed inequality, over taxation and overregulation as the main causes of unceasing working poverty. They are proponents of the view that welfare benefits should be reduced and less stringent lab our laws should be enacted. Liberals on the other hand are of the perspective that reduced or increased governments intervention is the immediate solution to working poverty problem. O’Connor (34-36) asserts that politically charged image, a feature of the nonworking poor as welfare dependant makes reforms in the welfare policies more urgent than the working poor. She is of the conclusion that stipulations in the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity act moved most poor parents from welfare roles to workforce. She is of the opinion tha t this eventuality should have happened after first solving the problem of the working poverty. O’Connor expresses the need for change in the argument about poverty knowledge. She cites political obsession with matters of welfare dependency, which overshadows the problems related to wage decline. Comparisons made between children students non poor families and those from poor families in New York schools indicated that; those from poor backgrounds have got a higher likely hood id dismal performances than those from nonpoor families .Their

Nursing Leading Change in Practice and Alterations in Child Health Essay

Nursing Leading Change in Practice and Alterations in Child Health - Essay Example There were assessments of the current reality in practice and of the benefits of the desired state of practice, and these seemed to have motivated them (Maslow, A.H., 1970). This conceptualization of the vision and efficiently communicating them others were of particular importance, and these would have provided the staff with a clear visualization of a better and more ideal future state of practice. This would have provided the staff with a sense of direction and of common purpose where trust and respect to the person would have motivated them. A positive work environment was created successfully that empowered team building (Carlopio, J., Andrewartha, G., and Armstrong, H., 2005). Likewise, there was resistance to such changes. Analyzing these, I can say that resistance developed from technical concerns, psychosocial needs, and a threat to position and power (Tappen, R.M., 2001). The technical concerns were actually valid in some cases. Some raised the issue of time factors to spend time in researching in a busy work area. Lack of confidence in the staff's ability to critically evaluate empirical research and a work environment that did not support evidence based practice were also common. Inadequate research resources and limited authority or power to change practices were the reasons of the third category (Kotter, J.P., 1999). 1. Evidence-based practice must be an institutional guideline. Hospital authority should assume leadership. 2. The staff should spend more time in critical thinking exercises and finding evidence for practice. Should such a change come as a suggestion from the staff, the leader should not discard it. 3. Extracting evidence from research must be an important curricular activity, and the nursing education authority must initiate. 4. Resources must be provided, and hospital authority would initiate and implement the process. Reference List Carlopio, J., Andrewartha, G., and Armstrong, H., (2005). Developing Management Skills: A comprehensive Guide to Leaders. Australia. Pearson Education. 406-411. Kotter, J.P. (1999). Leading change: The eight steps to transformation. In Conger, J.A., Spreitzer, G.M., & Lawler, E.E. (Eds.). The Leader's Change Handbook. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Maslow, A.H. (1970). Motivation and Personality. New York: Harper & Row. Tappen, R.M. (2001). Nursing Leadership and Management: Concept and Practice. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis. Activity2: Change Situation and Stakeholder Analysis Sentence: Nurse-administered analgesia is often inadequate and dissatisfying due to nurses' ignorance about pain management and reluctance to change practice based on evidence. When changing practice based on the findings of research, it is very natural that the person who is leading this change would face resistance from the stakeholders. Change management strategies and a change plan would facilitate successful implementation of the research findings. Reflecting on this, I conclude that the implementation of change plan that I made as a leader, was one of the most difficult tasks in my career, and although initially felt apparently easy, as things went on, I could have a better

Choose one promt to write about Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Choose one promt to write about - Essay Example The shrink convinces the mother that she is in danger from her husband who wants to kill her and therefore, must leave him before she gets killed. The mother and son’s living arrangements were decided by the psychologist, the mother was to stay at a motel while her son stays with her shrink’s family. The doctor manipulated the main characters in the story for them to be live lasciviously and become dependent on drugs, limiting their developments in life. The mother had an illicit affair with a female friend while the son had sexual relationship with a male patient of the doctor. After so many struggles, the mother finally had her works published and was starting to stand strong however, she found out that she was deceived by her own doctor with the money her husband sent to support their son. Consequently, she stayed away from her shrink while his son went away from her to start his own new life. The aforementioned film exemplifies the making and breaking of a mother an d son relationship which this paper will further discuss, expounding on how relationships are developed and destroyed. Relationships are very important because as social beings, people cannot avoid building relationships. More importantly, family relationships are valuable to every human being because it is in the family that basic principles about relationships are established. In the film Running with Scissors, the relationship of the mother and son was initially good. The mother was adored by her son because she has shown how much she cared for the child and the mother in turn loved and cared for her son. However, the mother and son did not quite have a good relationship with the workaholic husband and father although this seemed to draw the two together as confidants and allies. The boy grew to empathize with his mother as the abused partner so that he did little things such as preparing tea to serve her mother and show his fidelity and care. The mother influenced her son even f urther by sharing with him her every dream and involving him with her plans (Murphy). The relationship of the mother and son is obviously good in the beginning because the mother worked hard to maintain good communication between them despite their circumstance with the father. The mother shared her career plans with her son which might have been good for his learning. The son in turn looked up to her mother. The two became encouragements to each other even during tough times. As a result, they formed a strong bond. When the mother and father fought in front of the boy and the father was knocked off and fainted as he attacked his wife, the father was never seen as a victim in the eyes of the son. Instead, of getting shocked with how the mother spoke against her husband, the son instead feared for his mother’s life than his father (Murphy). This only shows how he supported and protected his mother as a result of the relationship that they formed. On the contrary, the relations hip of the mother and child could also be considered not very normal, at least on the part of the child. The mother sharing her problems with her son at a very tender age somehow made the child feel the strain that she was going through. Therefore, the son did not have a normal childhood. Instead, he seemed to have grown extremely emotionally attached to the woman so that he imitated her in most of her actions, including how she dreamily delivered her speeches. As the

Cloud Computing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Cloud Computing - Research Paper Example It is well known that emerging technologies can bring in newer market opportunities, with improved data and information storing, sharing and communication. Among them, the emerging Informational technological concept of Cloud Computing brings in many benefits to the organizations, and thus has great potential for future applications. So, if this emerging technology is taken advantage of, it would benefit the companies by helping to address the business needs of the client, thereby encouraging its business growth through good profits and lowered costs. Both big organizations as well as smaller firms are adopting this technology to fulfill their own needs. So, this paper will look at the technology behind this concept and how it could impact the organizations, which utilizes it. Cloud computing is an Internet-based computer network with the main role for ‘outside’ or ‘virtual’ servers, without the need to establish and maintain in-house infrastructure. The data, softwares, applications, etc stored in those servers can be accessed by computer users from anywhere through a web browser by paying subscription charges, based on the ‘services on demand’ concept. â€Å"The storing and accessing of applications and computer data often through a Web browser rather than running installed software on your personal computer or office server†. (cloudcomputingdefined.com).The fundamental concept behind Cloud Computing got originated in 1960s, when the American computer and cognitive scientist John McCarthy opined that â€Å"computation may someday be organized as a public utility†. (Frangulyan). This rings true because the main characteristics of Cloud Computing is computing in a public or external environment. This ch aracteristic was further explored in comparison with the electricity industry by Douglas Parkhill in his book, "The Challenge of the Computer Utility", published in 1966. The Cloud

Applying for a master degree Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Applying for a master degree - Personal Statement Example My ambition developed rapidly leading me to streamline my studies towards Business and Management, particularly human resource studies. Thus, I believe further studies for a masters degree in the University will enhance my competitiveness and set me apart in my professionalism. I have experienced challenges and had opportunities during studies. However, I put extra determination to maintain and improve my scores with the aim of obtaining a chance to further my education. The efforts yield fruits with an average rating of 2.1 in core subjects. Apart from academics, I exhibit potential skills in leadership and excellent interpersonal attributes. In addition, I understand the program and curriculum details and sure that it matches with my research areas. I also acknowledge the competitiveness of the program. Nonetheless, I express pleasure that my professional aptitude and decent University record offer me a reliable certification for admission. Hence, I will appreciate your approval for admission. Finally, I give my assurance that I will optimize my chance to advance my talents. Likewise, I will be a noble ambassador and endeavor to transform people’s lives through appropriate management approaches. Kindly consider my

Choose one promt to write about Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Choose one promt to write about - Essay Example The shrink convinces the mother that she is in danger from her husband who wants to kill her and therefore, must leave him before she gets killed. The mother and son’s living arrangements were decided by the psychologist, the mother was to stay at a motel while her son stays with her shrink’s family. The doctor manipulated the main characters in the story for them to be live lasciviously and become dependent on drugs, limiting their developments in life. The mother had an illicit affair with a female friend while the son had sexual relationship with a male patient of the doctor. After so many struggles, the mother finally had her works published and was starting to stand strong however, she found out that she was deceived by her own doctor with the money her husband sent to support their son. Consequently, she stayed away from her shrink while his son went away from her to start his own new life. The aforementioned film exemplifies the making and breaking of a mother an d son relationship which this paper will further discuss, expounding on how relationships are developed and destroyed. Relationships are very important because as social beings, people cannot avoid building relationships. More importantly, family relationships are valuable to every human being because it is in the family that basic principles about relationships are established. In the film Running with Scissors, the relationship of the mother and son was initially good. The mother was adored by her son because she has shown how much she cared for the child and the mother in turn loved and cared for her son. However, the mother and son did not quite have a good relationship with the workaholic husband and father although this seemed to draw the two together as confidants and allies. The boy grew to empathize with his mother as the abused partner so that he did little things such as preparing tea to serve her mother and show his fidelity and care. The mother influenced her son even f urther by sharing with him her every dream and involving him with her plans (Murphy). The relationship of the mother and son is obviously good in the beginning because the mother worked hard to maintain good communication between them despite their circumstance with the father. The mother shared her career plans with her son which might have been good for his learning. The son in turn looked up to her mother. The two became encouragements to each other even during tough times. As a result, they formed a strong bond. When the mother and father fought in front of the boy and the father was knocked off and fainted as he attacked his wife, the father was never seen as a victim in the eyes of the son. Instead, of getting shocked with how the mother spoke against her husband, the son instead feared for his mother’s life than his father (Murphy). This only shows how he supported and protected his mother as a result of the relationship that they formed. On the contrary, the relations hip of the mother and child could also be considered not very normal, at least on the part of the child. The mother sharing her problems with her son at a very tender age somehow made the child feel the strain that she was going through. Therefore, the son did not have a normal childhood. Instead, he seemed to have grown extremely emotionally attached to the woman so that he imitated her in most of her actions, including how she dreamily delivered her speeches. As the

Applying for a master degree Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Applying for a master degree - Personal Statement Example My ambition developed rapidly leading me to streamline my studies towards Business and Management, particularly human resource studies. Thus, I believe further studies for a masters degree in the University will enhance my competitiveness and set me apart in my professionalism. I have experienced challenges and had opportunities during studies. However, I put extra determination to maintain and improve my scores with the aim of obtaining a chance to further my education. The efforts yield fruits with an average rating of 2.1 in core subjects. Apart from academics, I exhibit potential skills in leadership and excellent interpersonal attributes. In addition, I understand the program and curriculum details and sure that it matches with my research areas. I also acknowledge the competitiveness of the program. Nonetheless, I express pleasure that my professional aptitude and decent University record offer me a reliable certification for admission. Hence, I will appreciate your approval for admission. Finally, I give my assurance that I will optimize my chance to advance my talents. Likewise, I will be a noble ambassador and endeavor to transform people’s lives through appropriate management approaches. Kindly consider my

History and Physical Examination Essay Example for Free

History and Physical Examination Essay Admitting Diagnosis: Stomatitis possibly methotrexate related. Chief Complaint: Swelling of lips causing difficulty swallowing. HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: This patient is a 57-year-old Cuban woman with a long history of rheumatoid arthritis. She has received methotrexate on a weekly basis as an outpatient for many years. Approximately two weeks ago she developed a respiratory infection for which she received antibiotics and completed that course of antibiotics. She developed some ulcerations of her mouth and was instructed to discontinue the methotrexate approximately 10 days ago. She showed some initial improvement but over the last 3 to 5 days has had malaise, a low grade fever and severe oral ulcerations with difficulty in swallowing. Although she can drink liquids with less difficulty. Patient denies any other problems at this point except for a flare of arthritis since discontinuing the methotrexate. She has rather diffuse pain involving both small and large joints. This has caused her some anxiety. MEDICATIONS: 1. Prednisone 7.5 mg p.o. daily. 2. Estradiol 0.5 mg p.o. q.a.m. 3. Mobic 7.5 mg p.o. daily, recently discontinued because of questionable allergic reaction. 4. HCTZ 35 mg p.o. every other day and oral calcium supplements. 5. In the past she has been on penicillamine, azathioprine, and hydroxychloroquine but she has not had Azulfidine, cyclophosphamide or chlorambucil. ALLERGIES: None by history. FAMILY/SOCIAL HISTORY: None contributory. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: This is a chronically ill appearing female alert oriented and cooperative. She moved with great difficulty because of fatigue and malaise. VITAL SIGNS: Blood pressure 107/80. Heart rate 100 and regular. Respirations 22. HEENT: Normocephalic, no scalp lesions, dry eyes with conjunctival injection, mild exophthalmos, dry nasal mucosa, marked  cracking and bleeding of her lips with erosions of the mucosa. She has a large ulceration of the mucosa at the bite margin on the left. She has some scattered ulcerations on her hard and soft palate. She has difficulty opening her mouth because of pain. Tonsils not enlarged. No visible exudate. SKIN: She has some mild ecchymosis on her skin and some erythema. She has patches but no obvious skin breakdown. She has some fissuring in thebuttocks crease. PULMONARY: Clear to percussion and auscultation bilaterally. CARDIOVASCULAR: No murmurs or gallops noted. ABDOMIN: Soft, non-tender, protuberant, no organomegaly and positive bowel sounds. NEUROLOGIC: Cranial nerves 2 through 12 are grossly intact. Diffuse hyporeflexia. MUSCULOSKELETAL: Corrosive destructive changes in the elbows, wrists and hands consistent with rheumatoid arthritis. Has bilateral total knee replacements with stove pipe legs and perimalleolar pitting edema 1+. I feel no pulses distally in either leg. PHYCIATRIC: Patient is a little anxious about these new symptoms and theyre significance. We discussed her situation and I offered her psychological services. She refused for now. PROBLEMS: 1. Swelling of lips and dysphasia with questionable early Stevens-Johnson syndrome. 2. Rheumatoid arthritis class 3, stage 4. 3. Flare of arthritis after discontinuing methotrexate. 4. Osteoporosis with compression fracture. 5. Mild dehydration. 6. Nephrolithiasis 7. Anxiety PLAN: 1. Admit patient for IV hydration and treatment of oral ulcerations. 2. Obtain a dermatology consult.  3. IV leucovorin will be started and the patient will be put on high dose corticosteroids. 4. Considering patients anxiety perhaps obtain services of Stella Rose Dickinson PHD phycology at a later date.

Whistleblowers: Ethical Dilemmas and Government Role

Whistleblowers: Ethical Dilemmas and Government Role Introduction Generally, all professional jobs in the civilized societies are carried out within the framework of a given Code of Conduct that is well known and understood by all employees as well as the employer(s). In simple terms, a Code of Conduct refers to a set of ethics which regulates the behavior of each an every employee with a view to safeguarding the good reputation of the profession in question. Policing is a highly respected profession worldwide which mainly involves enforcing and maintaining Law and Order in the society; after all it is common sense that any society that does not abide by the principle of the Rule of Law is regarded as barbaric and anarchical. Whistle blowing in the uniformed organizations like police forces has tended to attract more attention from scholars of varied academic background such as political science, history, law, sociology and psychology. This paper seeks to find out who are whistleblowers, what they do, and the ethical dilemmas that face them while executing their duties particularly in the profession of cops (Police Officers).In doing so, the paper shall find out how various scholars and thinkers defines the term whistleblower(s), what are their main duties as professionals, the kind(s) of environments in which they operate and finally look at the ethical issues that face them while conducting their duties. Who Exactly Are whistleblowers? Even though the etymological origins of the term whistleblower we get clear picture from the words themselves. According to Trauman, N (2009), the term whistleblower is not an old word. To him the term is a direct professional abuse to those who do whistle blowing because they are determined persons with courage to bring corruption to an end. The term he argues refers to a person(s) who exposes secrets in the workplace in order to bring out professional malpractices such as; assaults, corruption and negligence among others. Nadler, J and Schumann Merriam (2006) On the other hand define whistle blowing as the work of calling attention to the wrongdoing occurring in the organization. Even though the culture of people coming to the fore to expose bad and unlawful actions traces its roots to the earlier decades, it was in the sixties that practice became widespread as professionals braved destruction of careers and even losing their lives (Truatman, 2009). Other scholars defines Whistle blowing as an attempt by an employee or a former employee to disclose what he or she believes is wrong doing in or by the his or her organization. What must therefore be emphasized is that whistleblowers especially in the police forces do their work at thee cost of great danger. In short, whistleblowers are individual professions who refuse to turn a blind eye to corruption despite the eminent danger of endangering their jobs lives and careers. Cops whistleblower Job Yang, S.K (2009) points out that many people are usually reluctant to become whistleblowers in most organizations. Yang argues that his argument is anchored on the premise that whistleblowers tends to be regarded by their workmates and their bosses as traitors and snitchers to other coworkers in the organization,especiaaly in the uniformed careers such as policing. On the other hand, Trautman (2009) argues that whistleblowers are viewed as who has betrayed the loyalty of their fellow cops. In his article titled â€Å"Cop whistleblowers: Despicable Traitors? â€Å" Trautman (2009) argues that whistleblowers job involves forcing corruption into the eye of the public. It is however important to note that their claims are not usually made in broad and general terms obviously because it involves parties with conflicting interests some of them driven by greed and the deadly get-rich-quick desires. It is therefore legitimate to argue that it is a job that requires someone with the cunning it usually requires. Yang, S.K (2009) adds that whistle blowing is a job that requires great courage and personal integrity. It is a job that involves going against the pressure of their colleagues and supervisors to expose dishonesty. In summary, Nadler, J and Schumann Merriam (2006) argues that whistle blowing entails reporting wrong doing to superior authorities, refusing to participate in work place wrong doing, testifying in legal proceeding and leaking evidence of wrong doing to the media. It is however important to note that whistle blowing goes in to the private sector but in the government by its very nature of being expected to be open and transparent revealing unethical and illegal actions is particularly important Examples of whistleblowers in the American History In the developed world Trautman points the New York City Frank Serpico as the first person in the American History to gain widespread fame as a police whistleblower. This was because of his courage and absolute refusal for instance to go with a system of payoffs lying, bribery and theft marked him for alienation and danger. Yang (2009) on the other hand regards Jeffrey Wigan who blew the whistle a former employers lies about the danger and addiction of smoking as yet another example of a person synonymous with whistle blowing in the recent times. Just like it was mentioned earlier, whistleblowers do their jobs at the cost of great peril. For example in the above case, Jeffrey Wigan suffered greatly for his courageous act. He was divorced by his wife and he needed the protection of the armed guards around the clock. To add salt to the injury, he lost his job ending up as a high school teacher. While responding to the press later Jeffrey expressed this dislike of the term whistleblowers arguing that it suggests you are tattle-tale or disloyal. However according to him he was not disloyal to the bit since people were dying and therefore he was responding to a high order of ethical responsibility. Jeffrey shares his idea of the term with Trautman who argues hat the term does not give enough respect to a person who truly deserves it. He therefore suggests that the best terms moral hero for that is exactly what they are. In short, civilized societies in the west and America where ethical issues and moral values are highly respected, whistleblowers both in the corporate world and the uniformed organizations like cops may gain great fame at least in the short-term despite the obvious dangers involved like in the case of Jeffrey Wigan. Jeffrey Wigan and Frank Serpico therefore can be regarded as few individuals who rose above all others in the name of integrity in the American. In the next section of the paper we shall look at the major ethical dilemmas that face whistleblowers in their work. Ethical Dilemmas That Face whistleblowers. Considering that whistle blowing is torn between competing loyalties it involves an ethical dilemma .According to Nadler, J and Schumann Merriam (2006) whistle blowing has to do with ethics because it involves a persons understanding, at a deep level, that an action his organization or workmate is undertaking is harmful. Whistle blowing also call upon virtues such as courage since standing for principles can at times be punishing. Although in the developed world laws are there to protect the whistleblowers, people who feel threatened by the revelations can mistreat the whistleblower to the extent of marginalizing or forcing him out of the public office. In some occasion however the role of whistleblowers has catapulted people in to higher offices thereby earning respect of the constituents. What must be emphasized is that whistleblowers undergo retaliation to the extent of being fired or vilified. And since societies recognize the need to report wrongdoing and corruption legal structures especially in the developed world has been developed to, protect the whistleblower. Nadler, J and Schumann Merriam (2006) further argues that when a person encounters wrongdoing in the public sphere, his first step should be to use the organizations internal whistle blowing mechanisms.Proffessor William Black , who was himself a whistleblower when he worked as a Savings and Loans regulator in the 1980s argues that in the public sector whistleblowers face the unique problem in that their disclosure may constitute a crime. In such a case, a dilemma can occur if the ongoing misconduct is dangerous and there is no hope the abuse can end without whistle blowing Nadler, J and Schumann Merriam (2006). Since governments have straight forward line of authorities, people who see wrong doing in their places of work should start with mechanisms that the organization has set since they provide the best chance for a good solution Nadler, J and Schumann Merriam (2006). That is, one should start with the immediate boss and move up the chain of command. For example, if a councilperson has a problem with the city staff she or he should go to the city manager. Meaning that before an employee whistle blows on wrong doing in his or her organization in the public he or she should try using the organizations internal mechanisms. Thereby protecting the reputation of the organization first and foremost, those of the employees and also denying competitors a chance to soil the organization for their own advantages. What Can Governments Do To Encourage Whistle blowing? According to Nadler, J and Schumann Merriam (2006), government bodies should encourage internal whistle blowing so that actions are taken before the illegal contracts are authorized, unethical behavior becomes the front page news ,publics money is squandered or aquifers has been polluted. An internal mechanism should be laid down to ensure that problems are sensed miles away. This, we should note applies not only to the public sector but also to the private sector which should establish internal mechanism so that problems are solved within the organization before employees feel that it is time for seeking action from outside Ravishankar, L in an article titled â€Å"Whistle Blowing in a Business Context† has provided some suggestions on how to encourage internal whistle blowing which also applies to the government bodies. Some of them include creating a policy to guide whistle blowing on illegal and unethical deeds that has formal ways of reporting violations such as hotlines, get embracement of the policy from the top officials and that all reports on illegal actions should be immediately investigated and followed without failure. In addition, laws for protecting whistleblowers should be instituted and developed so that morally upright employees may not be afraid of reporting wrong doing and corruption. Such a legal frame work should provide an enabling environment in which employees who strongly believe in ethical order in all civilized societies can be able to protect their professions and thereby safeguard the welfare of others without fear or favor. What whistleblowers should however remember is that they should always determine whether the conduct they are exposing they involves real wrong doing or mere case policy disagreements. So that in as much as a given council or board members views and opinion differs on a given issue they should remain secret as long as the problem involved does not rise to the level of misconduct. In short, leakers or whistleblowers should always be persons of great courage and personal integrity. They should not at all be witch hunters or gossipmongers out to look for personal gains and fame. Conclusion It can not be disputed that whistle blowing is a widespread practice both in the private sector and the public sector the police force as well as the private sector. It is job that involves employees within the given in the act of exposing wrong doing such as corruption, negligence, abuse and assaults. Some scholars look at the profession as an example of ethical dilemma seen whistleblowers are viewed by their colleagues as traitors.Consequently,whistleblowers are frequently retaliated to the extent of being sacked or vilified. References Yang, S .K (2009) Whistle-blowers puts MACC on trial Retrieved on September 3rd from http://www.sapp.org.my/mkini/0990822.html Chasin, B.H (1997). Inequality and violence in the United States: casualties of capitalism .Michigan: Humanities Press Trautman, N (2009). Cop Whistleblowers: Despicable Traitors? Retrieved on September 3rd from http://www.commuterssourc.jiglu.com/discussions/messages Bouza, A.V (1990). The police mystique: an insiders look at cops, crime, and the criminal justice system. Michigan: Plenum press Globalization: Threat Or Opportunity To The Developing Countries? Globalization: Threat Or Opportunity To The Developing Countries? Globalisation is most important factor that affects world economy. According to Brittan (1998) globalisation is defined as a whirlwind of relentless and disruptive change which leaves governments helpless and leaves a trail of economic, social cultural and environmental problems in its wake. Some of the issues will be dealt in this paper are the impact of globalisation on unemployment, the impact of globalisation on the international distribution of income, the impact of globalisation on world trade. Besides that, there are two models in this paper, which is Feenstra and Hansons model and Zhu and Treflers model. The process of globalisation is a reality. Globalisation has created many opportunities for growth and increase the level of standard livings. It is depends on the countries who can follow the trend and take the opportunity in order to improve themselves. 2.0 The impact of globalisation on labour 2.1 The impact of globalisation on unemployment Some opponents of globalisation argue that the developing countries will have higher level of unemployment because of the globalisation. But other economists are thinking that there will have a competition among the low wages countries, this will lead to unemployment in developing countries. It is because developed countries will create the working opportunities to the low wages developing countries. Brittan (1998) says that it is overly simplistic view that globalisation has lead the high unemployment in the developing countries. He thinks that this is because the demand of unskilled labours are decline because of the advanced of technology. Therefore, the demands of skilled labours are increasing because the company need workers who can work and operate the machine and this will improve their productivity compare to using low skilled workers. But Nader (1993) and Brecher en Costello (1994)have the different views with Brittan, they states that the workers has less bargaining power in the global company because of globalisation. This is true because of the fact that the border between countries is still real to workers. There exist limitations in the labour mobility of workers. According to Scholte (1997), there is an uncertainty on the job security and lower wages because of the cross border production. Therefore, globalisation is not necessarily bad to the workers. 2.2 The impact of globalisation on wages and labour standards. The second labour related issued is regards to the impact of globalisation on wages and labour standards. In order to improve their competitiveness advantages, developing countries will lower their labour wages, taxes and regulations. Brittan (1998) agrees that if developing countries became more interdependent, it is necessary to protect their workers right. Therefore, developing countries have to increase the labour wages, but this will increase the labour standards and this will reduce the levels of participation of developing countries in the world nation. Litan en Herring (1995:5) indicated that there is a limit in the way that countries can compete in a competition in laxity. The companies who specialised in the customers financial services will still prefer to deal with the countries that the financial services are proper regulated. From this review, it can be seen that developing countries need to find a way to increase their competitive advantages in order to compete in this changing world economy. Likewise, the Economic Intelligence Unit (2002) has indicated that developing countries cannot ignore the workers right to increase their international competitiveness. It is because developed countries still need to find the lower labour wages countries in order to lower their manufacturing cost. This is the opportunity for developing countries to be competitive in the world economy 3.0 The impact of globalisation on the international distribution of income Mander en Goldsmith (1996) has indicated that the distribution of worldwide income is still unbalanced. But other economists has the different view with Mander, they argues that since 1960, there is an increase in the income between the countries. Todaro agrees with this view, he also indicated that between 1960 and 1982, developing countries only experienced GDP growth of 1.1% per annum. Masson (2001) indicated the issue that comparing the relative levels in the distribution in income. Manson has divide it into two groups of countries in comparing the level of economic growth which is the countries are actively involve in the globalisation and another group is not actively involved in the globalisation. Masson found that the developed countries that actively involve in the globalisation have grown by 3.5% in eighties and increase to 5% in the 1980. Besides that, those countries which didnt actively take part did not realise any after 1980. The countries that opened their economies grew at a faster rate than the developing countries (Masson, 2001). The countries that opened their economies grew at a faster rate that the developing countries (Masson, 2001). Therefore, it is wrong to argue that globalisation has caused the inequality and unequal distribution of income in the developing countries. 4.0 The impact of globalisation on world trade. Opponents to the process of globalisation have different view on the impact of globalisation on developing countries. Brittan (1998) has pointed out that globalisation has increase the wealth of developed countries and it also not wider the poverty gap in the developing countries. Brittan states that the developing countries such as Asian, there are an improvement in their economic situation. This improvement of Asian countries has narrowed the gap of distribution of income between developing and developed countries. Although there is an improvement in their economic, but many developing countries still poor, if they cannot catch up and follow the trend of globalisation. Hak Min (1999) has the different view with Brittan on the distribution of income between developing and developed countries. He indicated that this has become less skewed because globalisation in the integrated world economy has lead to industrial growth in a limited number of developed countries. Besides that, many countries have been developed serious financial problem. It wills wider the income gap between developed and developing countries. Hak Min indicated that during 1980-1990, 25 of 121 countries in the world wide have carry out more than 90% of all financial transactions. Therefore, the low-income developing countries just share the globalise capital flows for less than 10% of the total transactions. These developments is seen by Gill en Law (1988:127) as the transnational stage in the development of capitalism. Therefore, even developing countries has tried to improve their competitiveness, but developed countries are the main controller of the world economy. Globalization give the opportunity to the developing countries to catch up, if the countries using the right method in the world economy. 5.0 Models 5.1 Feenstra and Hansons model Feenstra and Hanson (1996, 1997) have propose a model where there is a continuous goods ordering where it was being differentiated by different levels of skill intensity. This model assumes the process of produce simple final goods which requires different levels of skilled labours. They assume that developing countries are able to meet the demand of unskilled labours, whilst the demands of skilled labours are able to meet by developed countries. Therefore, companies will shift their production to developing countries to lower their manufacturing cost. Therefore, it creates the opportunity to the developing countries since there is an increase on investment and trade liberalisation. Besides that, this will increase the level of skills of developing countries since they have learnt the skills that transfer from the developed countries. 5.2 Zhu and Treflers model Feenstra and Hansons model have been extended by Zhu and Trefler(2005).Zhu and Trefler have extended it to a case that without foreign investment. Their model is referred to the Ricardian sources that based on the factor endowment. In their model, it indicated that technological catch up by developing countries, therefore many companies are shift their simple process of production to the developing countries since they are able to produce more effectively. Therefore, this will leads to a rise in skilled labour in the developing countries and developed countries; this mechanism is similar to Feenstra and Hansons model. 6.0 Conclusion Globalisation is a threat or opportunity to the developing countries? From this literature review, it has indicated that under certain situation, globalisation will lead to higher unemployment or instability of the countries. It is decide by many factors to determine whether a threat or opportunity is. In this paper, I have examined this question based on the impact of globalisation on different aspects. Undoubtedly, globalisation can help each country to improve them by sharing the knowledge, high trade flows between countries. Optimistically, it may lead to higher standard of living and servicing in the world. In other word, it may also create the inequality between developing countries and developed countries, because there is a wide gap between developing and developed nations. Therefore, it is difficult to let the developing countries to beyond the developed countries. It is depends on the policy taken by the government. If the countrys government is able to do the right things in the right time, globalisation will create the opportunity such as China is able to compete with US even China is developing countries.

Natural Language and Computer Programs :: Computers Technology Technological Essays

Natural Language and Computer Programs Anyone who has tried to explain the workings of a computer, or even a VCR, to an older relative has a very good idea of why natural language operation is a goal of computer science researchers. Simply put, most people have no desire to learn a computer language in order to use their electronic devices. In order to allow people to effectively use computer-based systems, those systems must be programmed to understand natural language – the language a regular person speaks – and respond in kind. Most natural language-processing systems break that task down into two parts, comprehension and production. Some systems, like the search engine ask.com, where the user types in a whole interrogative sentence instead of a few terms to search for, are programmed to take commands in English and so have comprehension as their goal. Others, particularly those designed to pass the test proposed by Alan Turing in which a computer must pass as a human in conversation with an interrogator, are designed to simply produce realistic responses, sometimes without bothering to break down the input at all. For the purposes of simplicity, most natural language programs operate through typed input and printed or on-screen output, since speech recognition and production are just complications at this point and can always be integrated later, simply by having the program convert the speech to text and vice-versa. By working only with typed input, a whole host of obstacles to understanding are avoided. People, when speaking, have accents, slur words, change sentence structure mid-thought, stick in â€Å"like† anywhere they want, and do many other things that make everyday speech much less straightforward than the slightly more formal process of typing. Even typed, however, an English sentence is not an easy thing to parse. An example of this difficulty can be seen in the sentence â€Å"I left a job for my wife†. Out of context, it is impossible to determine which of two possible meanings is the correct one. Did the speaker leave a job (i.e. quit) because of his wife, or did he leave a job (i.e. let one remain) for his wife? A computer must be able to refer to the context around such a sentence in order to extract the meaning from it.

Marxism Politcial Economy Essay -- Economics Marx

According to Marxist political economy, exploitation is the key factor which underpins the very fundamentals of society. By this Marxists believe exploitation is more than simply an economic phenomenon, but instead a norm created through false consciousness, which has infested itself within all aspects of society; stretching from the state, to the very structure of the social system. Marx emphasis on exploitation lies in his belief that the value of a ‘commodity’ is purely derived from the accumulated labour expended to produce such a good. Although the ‘labour theory of value’ was originally contemplated by Classical Economist such as Smith/Ricardo the emphasis for Marx was on labour as a value rather than simply a cost in the production process. As Dooley explains ‘Marx maintained that labour was the sole value creating substance’ (Dooley 2005) and this point is further developed by Sayer who states that the fundamental distinguishing characteristic of Marxism ‘is the existence of labour-power as a commodity’. (Sayer 1979). For Marx labour was the source of all wealth in society, which would ultimately be transformed by the bourgeoisie into ‘surplus value’ and profit through numerous industrial policies such as specialisation through division of labour. Capitalism is a system that encourages ‘alienation’ of the worker as the commodities produced are not produced for need or desire, but instead in the pursuit of profit. It’s from this concept that exploitation can be explained. Marx defined exploitation as the surplus value extracted from the labour force in order to generate profit. This would be achieved through paying wages lower than the value of the commodity produced. Such a theory remains evident in the n... ...Economy. London: International Publishers. 19 - 23. Marx, K and Engels, F (2002). The Communist Manifesto. 3rd ed. London: Penguin. 219. Marx, K and Engels, F (2002). The Communist Manifesto. 3rd ed. London: Penguin. 258. Powell, B and Skarbek, D. (2004). Sweatshops and Third World Living Standards. The Independent Institute. 53 (1), 6, 10. Sayer, Derek (1979). Marx's Method Ideology, Science & Critque in Capital. 2nd ed. Brighton: The Harvester Press Limited. 44-45. Sumner Colin (1979). Reading Ideologies an investigation in to the Marxist theory of ideology and law. London: Academic Press Inc. 44. Woodley, Daniel (2009). Political Ideologies. Spain: p43. Woodley, Daniel (2009). Political Ideologies. Spain: p42 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7242492.stm (2008) http://www.indexmundi.com/bangladesh/gdp_real_growth_rate.html

Literary Analysis “The Kiss”

In the story â€Å"The Kiss† by Julia Alvarez, we see a family with four daughters, a father and mother. The father, who is old-fashioned and strict, has his own ideas of what he wants from his daughters. The daughters except for Sofia, the youngest one, have always done what he has asked for. Sofia does not agree with her sisters and she does what she wants. She runs away with a man, a decision her father cannot forgive. Although Sofia tries to reconcile with her father with no luck, she lets her father know that she has her own way of thinking.No matter how much the father tries to change Sofia’s way of seeing life, in the end he could not. Trying to control a person does not guarantee that the other person will always do what we want. The father of this story is a strong man, trying to control his daughters as if they were small kids. Even when they were grown-ups and married, he always tried to control them. â€Å"They would gather together, without husbands, would -be husbands, or bring-home work, the apartment was too small for everyone, the father argued. † (Alvarez 416) His daughters will do anything to please their father. Even after they’d been married and had their own families and often couldn’t make it for other occasions, the four daughters always came home for their father’s birthday. † (Alvarez 416) They were raised in an old fashion way, and they respect their father. â€Å"But standing up to their father was a different matter altogether. Even as grown women, they lowered their voices in their father’s earshot when alluding to their bodies’ pleasure. † (Alvarez 416) Sofia was different she had her own way of living and did not agreed with her father. She ran away from her house and since then her relationship with her father was not good.Her father did not forgive her for what she did. â€Å"And yet, she of all the daughters, did not want to be the absent one because for the first time since she’d run off with her husband six years ago, she and her father were on speaking terms. † (Alvarez 417) Sofia had always lived her life as she wanted. She had many boyfriends; she also dropped out of school. Her father could not accept her way of living. He found out after searching into her letters that Sofia had an active sexual life. For him this was not acceptable. â€Å"After his initial shock, the father regained his own fury.Are you dragging my good name through the dirt? † (Alvarez 418) After six years Sofia’s father still could not forgive her. Sofia tries to reconcile with him by preparing her father’s birthday party at her house. Sofia prepared everything to please her dad. But after everything that she did, he would still not forgive her. Sofia let her dad know that she had her own way of doing things and her own way of thinking, and he could not change that after all. â€Å"After all her had work, she was not to be in cluded in his daughter count. Damn him! She’d take her turn and make him know it was her!Quickly, she swooped into the circle and gave the old man a wet, open-mouthed kiss in his ear. She ran her tongue in the whorls of his ear and nibbled the tip. † (Alvarez 422) Sofia was different from her sisters and her father never accepted it. I think this made her attitude worse, and when she found out that he would never forgive her, she did not care anymore, and let him know that she would never change. David T. Mitchell comments: Throughout the novel, numerous commentators remark on the poor fortune of a family that consists entirely of girls–â€Å"what, four girls and no boys? while each daughter struggles to free herself from the limitations of a communal designation that strips them of their uniqueness and individuality. Because the label â€Å"Garcia Girls† stands in for the plural identities submerged beneath the faceless anonymity of daughters (who, unlik e their male counterparts, do not need to be individuated as distinct human beings) â€Å"The novel's second chapter deals with Sofia, the youngest of the sisters, who leaves home when she gets pregnant on a vacation trip to South America, and then goes to Germany to convince the baby's father to marry her.Although the couple returns to the U. S. with the baby, the result of this stain on the family's honor is almost complete silence: their father does not mention Sofia's name for months, and even after a reconciliation of sorts the two rarely speak. † (Castells)

Myer-Briggs Type Indicator Essay

The Myers-Briggs type indicator is a psychological test that is based on the theories of Swiss Psychiatrist Carl Jung. The test divides people into 16 distinguishable personality types, based on high and low scores on four â€Å"scales† (Zemke, 1992). On the basis of their answers on the test, individuals are classified as extraverted or introverted, sensing or intuitive, thinking or feeling and judging or perceiving (Langton, Robbins and Judge, 2013). The MBTI has been used by many organizations around the world to assess communication styles of their employees and potential hires. Trainers and organization development specialists frequently use the MBTI in team building and communications training (Zemke, 1992). In a report released in September 1992, the National Research Council Committee on Techniques for the Enhancement of Human Performance concluded that trainees see their MBTI results as â€Å"true† and valuable. Eighty-four percent of army officers said the MBTI confirmed what they already knew about themselves. A significant percentage believed they would find this confirming feedback valuable in their work relationships (Zemke, 1992). The MBTI test can also be used by educational institutions such as Yorkville University to assess their students personalities and how they would approach the learning environment. Different personalities approach online learning in different ways (Russell, 2002). On an individual level, I believe that the MBTI can help an individual track their development in many different areas of their lives including work, family and other relationships. After completing the seventy-two question quiz, my results were quite consistent with my feelings. I received the results ESFP with Extraversion being 89%, Sensing at 12%, Feeling at 38% and Perceiving at 22%. Extraversion is defined as a personality factor that describes the degree to which a person is sociable, talkative and assertive. Sensing types are practical and prefer routine and order. Feeling types rely on their personal values and emotions. Perceiving types are flexible and spontaneous (Langton et. al, 2013). I have completed previous tests through other University courses as well as through organizations and my results have always been towards extraversion. As in the above case, I was again leaned more towards extraversion than any other of the personality types. I believe that the MBTI can sometimes be inaccurate based on an individuals mood and attitude when taking the test. In-spite of its popularity, the evidence is mixed as to whether the MBTI is a valid measure of personality – with most of the evidence suggesting that it is not (Langton et. al, 2013). The one problem with the test is that it forces a person into one type pr the other but some individuals may be both introverted and extraverted to some degree. Overall, I believe it is a good general psychological test that companies should incorporate when hiring or promoting new individuals. REFERENCES: Langton, N., Robbins, S. P., and Judge, T. A., (2013). Organizational Behaviour. Concepts, Controversies, Applications Sixth Canadian Edition. Pearson Canada Inc. Russell, A. L. (2002). MBTI(R) personality preferences and diverse online learning experiences. School Libraries Worldwide, 8(1), 25. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/ 217753532?accountid=142373 Zemke, R. (1992). Second thoughts about the MBTI. Training, 29(4), 43. Retrieved from http:// search.proquest.com/docview/203389471?accountid=142373

How Social Networking Sites Help Employers to Communicate Effectively Essay

How Social Networking Sites Help Employers to Communicate Effectively with Employees - Essay Example This phenomenon of communication through social networks has a greater impact in workplaces. This is because it has presented an opportunity for employers and employees to engage in their workplace under collective basis. FaceBook, Twitter, MySpace and LinkedIn are the four major social networking sites that are enhancing communication across the world. Effective communication using social media within workplaces is mainly reinforced by their ability to reach instantaneously to a vast number of people in an organization. It has also laid a platform that allows two way communications through instant messaging available in the chat rooms. In addition, effective communication has also been enhanced in the workplaces among employers and employees due to their easy accessibility and usability. This is because in the current world social networking sites are readily available to everyone who is able to use a smart phone or a computer. These factors have enhanced higher adoption of social s ites masking them the fundamental part of organizations every day’s life. This paper work focuses on how social networking sites help employers communicate more effectively with employees in order to enhance higher productivity and other added values at workplaces. Communication power of social networking sites in workplaces Internet and social networking media have greatly contributed to fundamental changes concerning ways in which people interact in the business world and other private spheres. Companies and other corporate organization across the world have played a catch-up in order to understand ways of harnessing the emerging technologies for better management. Employers in various organizations have responded to the rising technology in the modern world to facilitate relationships with their employees through social media. Various online communication channels such as emails and other instant messaging have changed efficiency and nature of communication processes in bu sinesses and other organizations. This is by maintaining relationships among working colleagues in order to enhance their primary roles. Since it is difficult for employers to contact all employees in their business organizations, social networking sites have provided an opportunity for them to have quicker and faster communication (Jue, Marr, & Kassotakis, 2009). In case of issues that need instant attention, employers are always in a position to send the messages through social networks such as MySpace and LinkedIn to their employees. This enables information to reach all employees within a short time making them to have quick reaction and decision toward what the employer require them to do. This has facilitated better collaboration of all subordinate workers and their employer in work places. Collaboration has greatly transformed work outputs in businesses and other organization due to effective communication between managers and their employees through networks that promote tea mwork (Kaupins, 2011). Frequent communication between employers and employees has also allowed everybody to contribute in enhancing better performance of organizations. This is because communication allows every subordinate member in an organization to grow together in a team. In addition, it has also been noted that most of the employees are young generation who are always determined to use social networking